Artificial intelligence (AI) is reshaping economies worldwide, but its rapid growth is presenting significant challenges to Canada’s electricity grid. In a recent report from RBC Thought Leadership, Shaz Merwat highlights the transformative impact of AI on energy demand, the grid’s reliability, and emissions.
The Energy-Intensive Reality of AI
AI operations, such as OpenAI’s ChatGPT, consume substantial energy. A single ChatGPT query uses ten times more energy than a standard Google search. With the proliferation of AI applications and data centers, Merwat predicts Canada’s energy demands could surge. If all proposed data center projects proceed, these facilities may account for 14% of Canada’s total power needs by 2030, echoing similar trends in the United States.
Economic Opportunities vs. Environmental Costs
The construction of 20 to 30 new data centers represents a $100 billion economic opportunity, covering both infrastructure development and accompanying IT systems. However, meeting these energy demands while balancing environmental responsibilities is a pressing concern. Although Canada’s clean energy resources offer a strategic advantage, natural gas remains essential for its reliability. Adding six gigawatts of natural gas-powered data centers could increase Canada’s annual emissions by 3%, Merwat warns. Investments in carbon capture and storage (CCS) technology could help mitigate these emissions.
Strategic Advantages in Data Sovereignty
Local data centers are not only crucial for AI growth but also enhance Canada’s data sovereignty and cybersecurity capabilities. These facilities provide a critical edge in managing sensitive information securely within the country’s borders.
Harmonizing Regulations and Supporting SMEs
Merwat emphasizes the importance of regulatory alignment with the United States to maintain North American leadership in AI. The 2026 review of the Canada-United States-Mexico Agreement (CUSMA) is expected to refine digital trade policies, fostering cross-border collaboration in AI governance.
Additionally, encouraging AI adoption among Canada’s small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) is essential. SMEs, which contribute to half of Canada’s GDP, could boost the country’s productivity, currently lagging behind global competitors, by leveraging AI technologies effectively.
Balancing Growth and Sustainability
The RBC report underscores the dual nature of AI’s rise in Canada. While it brings unprecedented economic opportunities, it also raises critical challenges for energy consumption, grid reliability, and emissions. Addressing these issues requires investments in clean energy and advanced technologies like CCS, alongside cohesive regulatory frameworks. By tackling these challenges head-on, Canada can maximize AI’s potential while maintaining its environmental and economic commitments.